Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Suresh, R.
- Acute and Subacute Toxicity study of Milnacipran Hydrochloride in Wistar rats by Oral Route
Abstract Views :296 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
D. Benito Johnson
1,
R. Suresh
1,
Prakash Rao Prathima
1,
R. Venkatnarayanan
1,
P. M. Ashir Ahammad
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, R.V.S. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, R.V.S. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 5, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 51-57Abstract
Toxicity of a substance is nothing but unwanted or series of adverse events that was initiated after administration of particular chemical, physical or biological agent. Acute toxicity study aim is to determine the occurred toxic manifestation of the administered test substance after expose to animals in one or more doses for a period of 14 days. The study provides the information or determination of therapeutic index, i.e. T.I. = LD50/ ED 50. Sub-acute toxicity testing evaluates the toxic effects of drug on repeated exposure and also provides the information on delayed and cumulative effect of the chemicals on the tissues or other biochemical mechanisms Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. The symptoms of depression are often subtle and unrecognized both by patients and by physicians. Major depression remains difficult to treat, despite the wide array of registered antidepressant. Milnacipran is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder and management of fibromyalgia. Milnacipran inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in a 3:1 ratio, in practical use this means a balanced (equal) action upon both transmitter.Keywords
Milancipran, Depression, Acute Toxicity, Sub-Acute Toxicity
References
- Psychology and the National Institute of Mental Health: A Historical Analysis of Science, Practice, and Policy, Edited by Wade E. Pickren, PhD and Stanley F. Schneider, PhD, American Psychological Association, 2004.
- The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity… Journal of affective disorders, 66(2–3): 2001, 159–64.
- The internal and external validity of the Major Depression Inventory in measuring severity of depressive states... Psychological medicine, 33(2): 2003, 351– 356.
- Shaffer D, Gould MS, Fisher P, Trautman P, Moreau D, Kleinman M, Flory M, Psychiatric Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Sucide. Archives of general psychiatry, 53(4): 1996, 339-348.
- March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, Curry J, Wells K, Fiarbank J, Burns B, Bomino M, Mcnulty S, Vitiello B, Severe J. Treatment for Adolescent with Depression Study (TADS) Team. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(7): 2004, 807-820.
- HP Rang, MM Dale, JM Ritter, RJ Flower; RANG and DALE’s Pharmacology. 6thedition. New Delhi: Elsevier; P.557-574, 2007.
- The complete drug reference by Martindale (13th edition) Pharmaceutical press, Page no- 372-375,409, 2005.
- Hussam A. Yacoub, DO, MS, William G. Johnson, MD and Nizar Souayah, MD; Serotonin Syndrome After Administration of Milnacipran For Fibromyalgia; American Academy of Neurology; Neurology 23, 2010, Vol. 74.
- Moret C, Charveron M, Finberg JP, Couzinier JP, Briley M. "Biochemical profile of midalcipran (F 2207), 1-phenyl-1- diethyl-aminocarbonyl-2-aminomethyl-cyclopropane (Z) hydrochloride, a potential fourth generation antidepressant drug". Neuropharmacology 24 (12): 1985, 1211– 9.
- Briley M, Prost JF, Moret C. "Preclinical pharmacology of Milnacipran". International clinical psychopharmacology 11 Suppl 4: 1996. 9–14.
- R Michael Gendreau, Michael D Thorn, Judy F Gendreau, Jay D Kranzler; Efficacy of Milnacipran in patients with fibromyalgia, The Journal of Rheumatology ;Vol. 32 no. 10 , 2011, 1975-1985.
- Spencer C.M.; Wilde M.I; Milnacipran: A Review of its Use in Depression; Volume 56, Number 3, 1998, Page. 405-427(23).
- Mike Briley; Clinical experience with dual action antidepressants in different chronic pain syndromes; Human Psycho and Experimental Pharmacology; Article first published online: 20 SEP 2004, DOI: 10.1002/hup.621
- Anna M Redmond, John P Kelly, Brian E Leonard, The Determination of the Optimal Dose of Milnacipran in the Olfactory Bulbectomized Rat Model of Depression; Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior; Volume 62, Issue 4, April 1999, Pages 619–623.
- S.Neil Vaishnavi, Charles B Nemeroff, Susan J Plott, Srinivas G Rao, Jay Kranzler, Milnacipran: a comparative analysis of human monoamine uptake and transporter binding affinity; Biological Psychiatry; Volume 55, Issue 3, 1 February 2004, Pages 320–322.
- Pharmacological Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Activity of Tamarindus indica Seed
Abstract Views :305 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
R. Suresh
1,
Ganesh Pandhari Mhaske
2,
Nehru Sai Suresh Chalichem
2,
Ashok Kumar Javvadi
2,
D. Benito Johnson
2,
R. Venkatanarayanan
2
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, R. V. S. College of Pharmaceutical Science, 242, Trichy Road Sulur, Coimbatore-641 402., IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, R. V. S. College Pharmaceutical Science, Sulur, Coimbatore-641 402, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, R. V. S. College of Pharmaceutical Science, 242, Trichy Road Sulur, Coimbatore-641 402., IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, R. V. S. College Pharmaceutical Science, Sulur, Coimbatore-641 402, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 3, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 115-122Abstract
Practical experience and several modern research studies have shown that therapy using plant is better than using synthetic chemicals. According to ayurvedic folklore the Tamarindus indica Linn was mentioned for several ailments including asthma (kirtikar et al; 2001) the present study was planned to know the anti asthmatic activity of methanolic extract of this plant at different stages or different types of asthma using various evaluation models like, isolated goat tracheal chain preparation, bronchial hyperactivity, clonidine induced catalepsy in guinea pig, mast cell degranulation, milk induced leucocytosis in mice, milk induced eosinophilia in mice, passive paw anaphylaxis, and its activities such as bronchodilating, antihistaminic, anti inflammatory , anti allergic, mast cell stabilizing and adaptogenic activities were confirmed presenting the scope of plant for further studies. The data was analyzed by student't' test or one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett test. P≤0.05 was considered as significant.Keywords
Tamarindus Indica Linn., Catalepsy, Leukocytosis, Anaphylaxis, Degranulation.References
- Wardlaw et al.,.New insight into the relation between airway inflammation and asthma. Clinical science, 2002; 103: 201-11.
- Oliver N, Gerald h, and Gert K,. Immunological and clinical changes in allergic asthmatics following treatment with omalizumab. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.2003;131: 46-52.
- Ryland P.B., Guha K, and Thomas M.R.,. Difficult to management of Asthma. Post graduate medicine. 2000; 108(6): 2-11.
- Casstillo.J.C. De-Beer, E.J., 1947. The tracheal chain-1. A preparation for the study of antispasmodics with particular reference to bronchodilator drugs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1947;90: 104-109.
- Kulshrestha, S., Misra, S.S, Sharma A.L., Sharma, L., Singhal, D.,. Response of the goat trachea to some autonomic drugs. Ind. J. Pharmacol.1983; 15(2): 107-109.
- Naj chaudhary, A.K., Lahari, S.C.,. Use of goat trachea isolated tracheal chain preparation. Ind. J. Pharmacol. 1974;6: 149-51.
- Ghosh, M.N. Fundamental of Experimental Pharmacology Scientific Book Agency Calcutta, 1984; 2nd ed., p.115-21.
- Singh, S., Majumdar, D.K.,. Anti-inflammatory activity of cium sancyum oil and Flax seed oil. Ind J Exp Biol. 1990;35:380-383.
- Tripathi R.M., Das, P.K.. Studies on Antiasthmatic and Antianaphylactic activity of Albizzia lebbeck. Ind. J. Pharmacol. 1977;9(3): 189-194.
- Mitra, S.K. Antiasthmatic and Antianaphylactic effect of E-721B, an herbal formulation, Ind. J. Pharmacol. 1999; 31: 133-137.
- Jadhav, J.H., Balsara J.J., Chandorkar,A.G. Involvement of histaminergic mechanisms in cataleptogenic effect of clonidine in the mice. J.Pharm.Pharmacol 1983;35:671-73.
- Muley, M.P., Balsara, J.J., Chandorkar. Effect of L-histidine pretreatment on haloperidol induced catalepsy and methamphetamine stereotype in mice. Ind. J. Pharmacol, 1983;1164: 293-300.
- Schwartz, J.C.. Annual review of Pharmacology and Toxicological; edited by Elliot, H.W., George, R., Okun,R., Ann. Reviews. Inc., Palo Alto. 1997; 4th ed., 325-339.
- Balsara, J.J., Chandorkar, A.G., Jadhav, J.H. Involvement of histaminergic mechanisms in the cataleptogenic effect of clonidine in mice. Journal of Pharm. Pharmacol 1983;35:671-83.
- Ferre, S., Guix, T., Prat,G., Jane,F., Casas, M. Is experimental catalepsy properly measured pharmac Biochem Behav 1990;35:753-7.
- Uvnas, B. Mast cells and Histamine release. Indian J Pharmacol. 1969; 1 (2): 23-25.
- Geetha, V.S., Viswanathan, S., Kameswaran, L. Comparision of total alkaloids of Tylophora indica and Disodium cromoglycate on mast cell stabilization. Indian J Pharmacol 1981;13: 199-201.
- Lakdawala, A.D., Dadkar, N.K., Dohadwala A.N. Action of clonidine on the mast cells of rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1980; 32: 790-791.
- Brekhman,I.I., Dardymov.I.V. New substances of plant origin which increases non specific resistance.Ann.Rev.Pharmac. 1969;9: 419-430.
- Brigden, M.L.. A Practical Workshop For Eosinophilia Postgraduate Med. 1999;3: 105-15.
- Ehright,T., chua,S., Lim, D.J.. Pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes. Ann.Allergy. 1989;62: 277-83.
- Bhargava. K.P., Singh, N. Antistress activity of ocimum sanctum. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1981;73: 443-451.
- Ghai,A.. A textbook of Practical Physiology1987;3rd ed., Jaypee Brothers Delhi. 9.191-92.
- Gokhale,A.B., Saraf, M.N. Bronchoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea in vivo. Indian Drugs 1996; 37(7): 346-347.
- Cua-Lim, F.. Immunological aspects of asthma: Therapeutic implications.1984;2: 15-26.
- Kulkarni, S.K. Biological Distribution of Histamine Receptors. Indian J.Pharmacol 1976; 9(3): 157-159.
- Mengi S, Pungle P, Banavalikar M, and Suthar A. Immunomodulatory activity of bosweliic acids of Boswellia sarrata Roxb. Indian J Exp Biol. 2003;41: 1460-62.
- Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of Polyherbal Extract on Rodents
Abstract Views :320 |
PDF Views:0
Materials and Methods: Herbs were mixed equal in proportion and extracted with ethanol. The acute and subacute toxicity studies on ethanolic extract of were carried out to evaluate the safety on rodents. Study on acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract was found to be safe at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guideline No.423. General behaviour adverse effects and mortality were determined for upto 14 days. In the subacute study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg once in a week for 6 weeks to rats. Biochemical, haematological and histological parameters were determined after 6 weeks.
Results: In the acute study there was no toxicity/death was observed at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The onset of toxicity and signs of toxicity was also not there. In subacute study, no significant treatment related changes in the levels of haematological, hepatic and renal parameters were observed at the end of the study. It suggests that the polyherbal ethanolic extract does not appear to have any significant toxicity. Hence, the extract was safe without any toxic symptoms and signs can be further used for the pharmacological screening of antidepressant action based upon the traditional knowledge and usage.
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Teegala Krishna Reddy College of Pharmacy, Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroor nagar (M), Hyderabad-97, IN
2 RVS College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore-641404, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Teegala Krishna Reddy College of Pharmacy, Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroor nagar (M), Hyderabad-97, IN
2 RVS College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore-641404, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 6, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 94-100Abstract
Background: Cycas circinalis (flowers), Artemisia absinthium (whole plant) and Nardostachys jatamansi (rhizomes) were used traditionally for various ailments, curing diseases and majorly in CNS disorders in the treatment of antidepressant. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of the ethanolic extract of selected herbs on rodents and to screen its antidepressant action in further research.Materials and Methods: Herbs were mixed equal in proportion and extracted with ethanol. The acute and subacute toxicity studies on ethanolic extract of were carried out to evaluate the safety on rodents. Study on acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract was found to be safe at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guideline No.423. General behaviour adverse effects and mortality were determined for upto 14 days. In the subacute study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg once in a week for 6 weeks to rats. Biochemical, haematological and histological parameters were determined after 6 weeks.
Results: In the acute study there was no toxicity/death was observed at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The onset of toxicity and signs of toxicity was also not there. In subacute study, no significant treatment related changes in the levels of haematological, hepatic and renal parameters were observed at the end of the study. It suggests that the polyherbal ethanolic extract does not appear to have any significant toxicity. Hence, the extract was safe without any toxic symptoms and signs can be further used for the pharmacological screening of antidepressant action based upon the traditional knowledge and usage.
Keywords
Cycas circinalis, Artemisia absinthium, Nardostachys jatamansi, Acute and Subacute Toxicity, Biochemical, Haematological, Histological, Ethanolic Extract.References
- Kessler RC, Soukup J, Davis RB, Foster DF, Wilkey SA, Rompay MIV and Eisenberg DM, The use of complementary and alternative therapies to treat anxiety and depression in the united states, Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:289-294.
- Newberne PM Biologic effects of plant toxins and aflatoxins in rats. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976; 56; 3:551-5.
- Campbell ME, Mickelsen O, Yang MG, Laqueur GL, Keresztesy JC Effects of strain, age and diet on the response of rats to the ingestion of Cycas circinalis. J Nutr. 1966 Jan; 88; 1:115-24.
- Moawad A, Hetta M, Zjawiony JK, Jacob MR, Hifnawy M, Marais JP, Ferreira D et al Phytochemical investigation of Cycas circinalis and Cycas revoluta leaflets: moderately active antibacterial biflavonoids, Pharm Biol. 2011; 49;12:1216-23.
- Bora KS, Sharma A. Evaluation of antioxidant and free-radical scavenging potential of Artemisia absinthium. Pharm Biol. 2011; 49; 12:1216-23.
- Yildiz K, Basalan M, Duru O, Gokpinar S Antiparasitic efficiency of Artemisia absinthium on Toxocara cati in naturally infected cats. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2011; 35; 1:10-4.
- Amat N, Upur H, Blazekovic B In vivo hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium L. against chemically and immunologically induced liver injuries in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 131; 2:478-84.
- Lachenmeier DW Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L) - A curious plant with both neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties? J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 131; 1:224-7.
- Wake G, Court J, Pickering A, Lewis R, Wilkins R, Perry E CNS acetylcholine receptor activity in European medicinal plants traditionally used to improve failing memory. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 69; 2:105-14.
- Prabhu V, Karanth KS, Rao A Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on biogenic amines and inhibitory amino acids in the rat brain. Planta Med. 1994; 60; 2:114-7.
- Lyle N, Gomes A, Sur T, Munshi S, Paul S, Chatterjee S, Bhattacharyya D The role of antioxidant properties of Nardostachys jatamansi in alleviation of the symptoms of the chronic fatigue syndrome. Behav Brain Res. 2009; 202; 2:285-90.
- Shah J, Goyal R investigation of neuropsychopharmacological effects of a polyherbal formulation on the learning and memory process in rats. J Young Pharm. 2011; 3; 2:119-24.
- Dhingra D, Goyal PK Inhibition of MAO and GABA: probable mechanisms for antidepressant-like activity of Nardostachys jatamansi DC in mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2008; 46; 4:212-8.
- Kulkarni SK. Hand book of Experimental Pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan; Delhi 1999. p. 29- 42.
- C. Morpurgo, Arzneim, Forsch. Drug Research. 21st Edtn. 1971. p.1727.
- Rasheed AS, Venkataraman S, Jayaveera KN, Fazil AM, Yasodha KJ, Aleem MA, Mohammed M, Khaja Z, Ushasri B, Pradeep HA, Ibrahim M. Evaluation of toxicological and antioxidant potential of Nardostachys jatamansi in reversing haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. Int J Gen Med. 2010; 26; 3:127-36.
- Olson H, Betton G, Robinson D. Concordance of toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2000; p. 56-57.
- Tomlison TR, Akerele O. Medicinal Plants their Role in Health and Biodiversity, University of Pennysylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1998; p. 286-289.
- Roberts M. Indigenous Healing Plants, Southern book, South Africa, 1990; p. 197-199.
- Rao VS, Rao A, Karanth KS. Anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity profile of Nardostachys jatamansi in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 102; 3:p. 351-356.
- Rasheed AS, Venkataraman S, Jayaveera KN, Fazil AM, Yasodha KJ, Aleem MA, Mohammed M, Khaja Z, Ushasri B, Pradeep HA, Ibrahim M. Evaluation of toxicological and antioxidant potential of Nardostachys jatamansi in reversing haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. Int J Gen Med. 2010; 3:127-36.
- Vogel H, Gerhard, Vogel Wolf gang H. (Eds) Drug discovery and evaluation Pharmacological assays (Springer).Germany. 2000; 2:p. 235.
- Inamul H. Safety of Medicinal Plants. Pak J Med Res. 2004; 43: p.1-8.